⚠️
This was "vibe coded" — it has NOT been rigorously vetted. Built quickly with an AI assistant as a back-of-the-envelope thinking tool. The numbers come from real published studies (cited below), but the model logic, the interpolated incidence curve, the family-history weighting, and the code itself have not been peer-reviewed, clinically validated, or checked by a statistician or physician. Expect bugs and simplifications. Do not use this to make any medical or financial decision. Talk to a real doctor. If you think this is garbage, please build a better one. I would love to use it.

Test or Not — The Galleri Multi-Cancer Blood Test

Galleri (GRAIL) screens for a shared cancer signal across >50 cancer types. Its advertised specificity (~99.5%) and sensitivity (~51.5%) are population averages — they say nothing about you. This model folds in your age, sex and family history to estimate your personal odds of a true positive, false positive, true negative, or false negative — and what it costs to find one real cancer. Everything runs locally in your browser.

Educational model · not medical advice · sources cited at the bottom

Who you are

These tracks shade by your annual chance of having a detectable cancer: green = low · yellow = moderate · red = high. Drag age up and watch it redden.

55
Top = age · green = your chance of a true positive (real cancer caught) at that age.
Male
Drives the incidence curve (women higher in mid-life from breast cancer; men higher and rising after ~60).
Family history — first-degree relatives (parent / sibling) with…
0
0
0
0
0
0
Family-history sliders raise your overall cancer odds in proportion to each cancer's share of total incidence (so 1 relative with breast cancer ≈ +13% overall, not +100%). The hereditary toggle applies a large separate multiplier.

The test & the economics

These tracks shade by cost per real cancer found: green = cheap · yellow = moderate · red = very expensive.

$949
Galleri's list price is $949. Drag it to $10 (imagine it's cheap) or $10,000 to see the cost-per-cancer swing.
51.5%
Share of real cancers the test catches. CCGA-3 average = 51.5% across all stages, but only 16.8% at Stage I and 90.1% at Stage IV. Lower this to model early-stage reality.
99.5%
Share of healthy people correctly told "no signal." Even 99.5% means ~1 in 200 healthy people gets a false alarm.
$5,000
Imaging, biopsies and specialist visits to chase a false positive. Included in "all-in" cost only when toggled below.
Value assumptions — cost per QALY

These two are the biggest unknowns in the whole model — the QALY cost is hugely sensitive to them. Tracks shade by the resulting cost per QALY (green good · red poor).

45%
Of the cancers Galleri catches, the share where catching it this early actually changes the outcome — curable now, but wouldn't have been caught or cured in time otherwise. The single biggest lever. NHS-Galleri's missed endpoint argues it's low; GRAIL's own models assume it's high.
15
Quality-adjusted life-years gained by curing an otherwise-fatal cancer — weighted by each cancer's deadliness and capped by your remaining life expectancy, so older people gain fewer.

If POSITIVE ("cancer signal found") — chance it's real (PPV)
positive predictive value at your demographics
If NEGATIVE (the most likely result) — chance you still have cancer
All cancers
Deadly cancers
residual risk after a clean result
Cost to find one real DEADLY cancer
test price ÷ (your odds × sensitivity)
Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)
True positive
real cancer, caught
False positive
false alarm
False negative
cancer missed
True negative
correct all-clear
Your population: 10,000 people just like you
True positive False positive False negative True negative
Your chance of having cancer, by age — before any test vs. after a negative Galleri result
Have cancer — no test (base rate) Have cancer — after a negative Galleri Ruled out by a negative 95% CI You, now
The blue–green gap is what a negative result rules out. When you're young both lines hug zero, so a clean result barely changes anything; as you age the gap widens — a negative knocks a real chunk off a much bigger number.
Your chance of having a DEADLY cancer, by age — and how far a negative shifts it down
Have a deadly cancer — no test After a negative Galleri ↓ shift from a negative You, now
Deadly cancers (pancreas, liver, lung, esophagus, stomach, ovary, brain) are exactly the ones Galleri detects best, so a negative pushes this curve down much further than the all-cancer curve above — the arrows show the size of that drop at each age. This is the reduction worth caring about: the cancers it can't rule out are mostly survivable.
How the cost of finding one real DEADLY cancer falls with age
Your sex Other sex You, now log scale
Methodology, assumptions & sources